CSS 颜色

2018-10-31 14:25 更新

CSS 颜色

使用CSS时,您可以指定不同方式范围内的颜色。

我们可以使用预定义的颜色名称。或者我们可以为每个红色,绿色和蓝色组件使用十进制或十六进制值。

十进制值由逗号分隔,十六进制值为通常以#为前缀,如 #ffffff ,表示白色。

下表具有一些预定义的颜色名称及其十进制和十六进制等效值。

颜色名称十六进制十进制
black#0000000,0,0
green#0080000,128,0
silver#C0C0C0192,192,192
lime#00FF000,255,0
gray#808080128,128,128
olive#808000128,128,0
white#FFFFFF255,255,255
yellow#FFFF00255,255,0
maroon#800000128,0,0
navy#0000800,0,128
red#FF0000255,0,0
blue#0000FF0,0,255
purple#800080128,0,128
teal#0080800,128,128
aqua#00FFFF0,255,255

这些被称为基本颜色名称。

下表显示了可以使用的扩展灰度阴影。

颜色名称十六进制十进制
darkgray#a9a9a9169,169,169
darkslategray#2f4f4f47,79,79
dimgray#696969105,105,105
gray#808080128,128,128
lightgray#d3d3d3211,211,211
lightslategray#778899119,136,153
slategray#708090112,128,144

RGB值简写

对红色,绿色和蓝色分量使用十六进制值。每对都是十六进制符号,范围为00 - FF。

十六进制值通常以#作为前缀,如#ffffff,表示白色。 “纯”蓝色将被写入#0000FF,“纯”红色被写入#FF0000。

#RGB 是上述六位数符号的较短形式。在此格式中,每个数字都被复制以获得等效的六位数值,例如#F7C变为#FF77CC。

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
    <head>
        <style>
body {
    background-color: yellow;
}

div#one {
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    border: 1px solid rgb(128, 128, 128);
    margin: 5px;
    float: left;
    background-color: #000;
}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="one"></div>
    </body>
</html>

颜色函数

颜色名称和简单的十六进制值不是您可以指定颜色的唯一方法。

有许多函数允许您选择颜色。

  • rgb(r,g,b)使用RGB模型指定颜色。
    示例:rgb(112,128,144)
  • rgba(r,g,b,a)使用RGB模型指定颜色,添加了alpha值以指定不透明度。 值为0是完全透明的; 值为1是完全不透明的。
    示例:rgba(112,128,144,0.4)
  • hsl(h,s,l)使用色相,饱和度和亮度(HSL)模型指定颜色。
    示例:hsl(120,100%,22%)
  • hsla(h,s,l,a)使用alpha值来指定不透明度。
    示例:hsla(120,100%,22%,0.4)

rgb(rrr.rr%,ggg.gg%,bbb.bb%)使用0%到100%范围内的RGB值,允许十进制值(例如75.5%)。因此,黑色的值将是rgb(0%,0%,0%),而蓝色将是rgb(0%,0%,100%)。

rgb(rrr,ggg,bbb)中,接受的值范围是0-255。范围是十六进制的00-FF的十进制等效值。在此格式中,绿色将为rgb(0,255,0),白色将表示为rgb(255,255,255)。

下表列出了颜色名称,十六进制颜色值和rgb颜色值。

颜色HEXCOLORRGB颜色
Black#000000rgb(0,0,0)
Red#FF0000rgb(255,0,0)
Green#00FF00rgb(0,255,0)
Blue#0000FFrgb(0,0,255)
Yellow#FFFF00rgb(255,255,0)
Cyan#00FFFFrgb(0,255,255)
Magenta#FF00FFrgb(255,0,255)
Gray#C0C0C0rgb(192,192,192)
White#FFFFFFrgb(255,255,255)

以下代码显示如何使用色彩函数。

<!DOCTYPE HTML> 
<html> 
<body> 
    <p style="background-color:#C0C0C0"> 
    Color set by using hex value 
    </p> 
    <p style="background-color:rgb(192,192,192)"> 
    Color set by using rgb value 
    </p> 
    <p style="background-color:gray"> 
    Color set by using color name 
    </p> 
</body> 
</html>

在上面的代码中,我们使用各种形式的颜色值来设置段落的背景颜色。


CSS3中的扩展颜色关键字

颜色 名称 十六进制 RGB
  aliceblue #f0f8ff 240,248,255
  antiquewhite #faebd7 250,235,215
  aqua #00ffff 0,255,255
  aquamarine #7fffd4 127,255,212
  azure #f0ffff 240,255,255
  beige #f5f5dc 245,245,220
  bisque #ffe4c4 255,228,196
  black #000000 0,0,0
  blanchedalmond #ffebcd 255,235,205
  blue #0000ff 0,0,255
  blueviolet #8a2be2 138,43,226
  brown #a52a2a 165,42,42
  burlywood #deb887 222,184,135
  cadetblue #5f9ea0 95,158,160
  chartreuse #7fff00 127,255,0
  chocolate #d2691e 210,105,30
  coral #ff7f50 255,127,80
  cornflowerblue #6495ed 100,149,237
  cornsilk #fff8dc 255,248,220
  crimson #dc143c 220,20,60
  cyan #00ffff 0,255,255
  darkblue #00008b 0,0,139
  darkcyan #008b8b 0,139,139
  darkgoldenrod #b8860b 184,134,11
  darkgray #a9a9a9 169,169,169
  darkgreen #006400 0,100,0
  darkgrey #a9a9a9 169,169,169
  darkkhaki #bdb76b 189,183,107
  darkmagenta #8b008b 139,0,139
  darkolivegreen #556b2f 85,107,47
  darkorange #ff8c00 255,140,0
  darkorchid #9932cc 153,50,204
  darkred #8b0000 139,0,0
  darksalmon #e9967a 233,150,122
  darkseagreen #8fbc8f 143,188,143
  darkslateblue #483d8b 72,61,139
  darkslategray #2f4f4f 47,79,79
  darkslategrey #2f4f4f 47,79,79
  darkturquoise #00ced1 0,206,209
  darkviolet #9400d3 148,0,211
  deeppink #ff1493 255,20,147
  deepskyblue #00bfff 0,191,255
  dimgray #696969 105,105,105
  dimgrey #696969 105,105,105
  dodgerblue #1e90ff 30,144,255
  firebrick #b22222 178,34,34
  floralwhite #fffaf0 255,250,240
  forestgreen #228b22 34,139,34
  fuchsia #ff00ff 255,0,255
  gainsboro #dcdcdc 220,220,220
  ghostwhite #f8f8ff 248,248,255
  gold #ffd700 255,215,0
  goldenrod #daa520 218,165,32
  gray #808080 128,128,128
  green #008000 0,128,0
  greenyellow #adff2f 173,255,47
  grey #808080 128,128,128
  honeydew #f0fff0 240,255,240
  hotpink #ff69b4 255,105,180
  indianred #cd5c5c 205,92,92
  indigo #4b0082 75,0,130
  ivory #fffff0 255,255,240
  khaki #f0e68c 240,230,140
  lavender #e6e6fa 230,230,250
  lavenderblush #fff0f5 255,240,245
  lawngreen #7cfc00 124,252,0
  lemonchiffon #fffacd 255,250,205
  lightblue #add8e6 173,216,230
  lightcoral #f08080 240,128,128
  lightcyan #e0ffff 224,255,255
  lightgoldenrodyellow #fafad2 250,250,210
  lightgray #d3d3d3 211,211,211
  lightgreen #90ee90 144,238,144
  lightgrey #d3d3d3 211,211,211
  lightpink #ffb6c1 255,182,193
  lightsalmon #ffa07a 255,160,122
  lightseagreen #20b2aa 32,178,170
  lightskyblue #87cefa 135,206,250
  lightslategray #778899 119,136,153
  lightslategrey #778899 119,136,153
  lightsteelblue #b0c4de 176,196,222
  lightyellow #ffffe0 255,255,224
  lime #00ff00 0,255,0
  limegreen #32cd32 50,205,50
  linen #faf0e6 250,240,230
  magenta #ff00ff 255,0,255
  maroon #800000 128,0,0
  mediumaquamarine #66cdaa 102,205,170
  mediumblue #0000cd 0,0,205
  mediumorchid #ba55d3 186,85,211
  mediumpurple #9370db 147,112,219
  mediumseagreen #3cb371 60,179,113
  mediumslateblue #7b68ee 123,104,238
  mediumspringgreen #00fa9a 0,250,154
  mediumturquoise #48d1cc 72,209,204
  mediumvioletred #c71585 199,21,133
  midnightblue #191970 25,25,112
  mintcream #f5fffa 245,255,250
  mistyrose #ffe4e1 255,228,225
  moccasin #ffe4b5 255,228,181
  navajowhite #ffdead 255,222,173
  navy #000080 0,0,128
  oldlace #fdf5e6 253,245,230
  olive #808000 128,128,0
  olivedrab #6b8e23 107,142,35
  orange #ffa500 255,165,0
  orangered #ff4500 255,69,0
  orchid #da70d6 218,112,214
  palegoldenrod #eee8aa 238,232,170
  palegreen #98fb98 152,251,152
  paleturquoise #afeeee 175,238,238
  palevioletred #db7093 219,112,147
  papayawhip #ffefd5 255,239,213
  peachpuff #ffdab9 255,218,185
  peru #cd853f 205,133,63
  pink #ffc0cb 255,192,203
  plum #dda0dd 221,160,221
  powderblue #b0e0e6 176,224,230
  purple #800080 128,0,128
  red #ff0000 255,0,0
  rosybrown #bc8f8f 188,143,143
  royalblue #4169e1 65,105,225
  saddlebrown #8b4513 139,69,19
  salmon #fa8072 250,128,114
  sandybrown #f4a460 244,164,96
  seagreen #2e8b57 46,139,87
  seashell #fff5ee 255,245,238
  sienna #a0522d 160,82,45
  silver #c0c0c0 192,192,192
  skyblue #87ceeb 135,206,235
  slateblue #6a5acd 106,90,205
  slategray #708090 112,128,144
  slategrey #708090 112,128,144
  snow #fffafa 255,250,250
  springgreen #00ff7f 0,255,127
  steelblue #4682b4 70,130,180
  tan #d2b48c 210,180,140
  teal #008080 0,128,128
  thistle #d8bfd8 216,191,216
  tomato #ff6347 255,99,71
  turquoise #40e0d0 64,224,208
  violet #ee82ee 238,130,238
  wheat #f5deb3 245,222,179
  white #ffffff 255,255,255
  whitesmoke #f5f5f5 245,245,245
  yellow #ffff00 255,255,0
  yellowgreen #9acd32 154,205,50

例子

以下代码显示如何使用颜色名称及其相应的RGB值和十六进制等效值。


<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Named colors in CSS</title>
<style type="text/css">
table {
  border-spacing: 2em 1em;
  margin:25px auto;
}
caption {
  font-family:Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;
  font-weight:bold;
  font-size:20px;
}
td {
  border: #000 solid 1px;
  text-align:center;
  padding:10px;
  font-family:Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif;
  font-size:14px;
  font-weight:bold;
  color:#FFF;
  width:7em;
  white-space: pre;
}
#aqua {
  background-color:aqua;
}
#black {
  background-color:black;
}
#blue {
  background-color:blue;
}
#fuchsia {
  background-color:fuchsia;
}
#gray {
  background-color:gray;
}
#green {
  background-color:green;
}
#lime {
  background-color:lime;
}
#maroon {
  background-color:maroon;
}
#navy {
  background-color:navy;
}
#olive {
  background-color:olive;
}
#purple {
  background-color:purple;
}
#red {
  background-color:red;
}
#silver {
  background-color:silver;
}
#teal {
  background-color:teal;
}
#white {
  background-color:white;
}
#yellow {
  background-color:yellow;
}
#aqua, #fuchsia, #lime, #red, #silver, #white, #yellow {
  color:black;
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<table>
    <caption>
    Basic Color Keywords
    </caption>
    <tr>
        <td id="aqua">aqua
#00FFFF
0, 255, 255</td>
        <td id="black">black
#000000
0, 0, 0</td>
        <td id="blue">blue
#0000FF
0, 0, 255</td>
        <td id="fuchsia">fuchsia
#FF00FF
255, 0, 255</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="gray">gray
#808080
128, 128, 128</td>
        <td id="green">green
#008000
0, 128, 0</td>
        <td id="lime">lime
#00FF00
0, 255, 0</td>
        <td id="maroon">maroon
#800000
128, 0, 0</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="navy">navy
#000080
0, 0, 128</td>
        <td id="olive">olive
#808000
128, 128, 0</td>
        <td id="purple">purple
#800080
128, 0, 128</td>
        <td id="red">red
#FF0000
255, 0, 0</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td id="silver">silver
#C0C0C0
192, 192, 192</td>
        <td id="teal">teal
#008080
0, 128, 128</td>
        <td id="white">white
#FFFFFF
255, 255, 255</td>
        <td id="yellow">yellow
#FFFF00
255, 255, 0</td>
    </tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

上面的代码呈现如下:

css

颜色

扩展颜色关键字

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