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Bootstrap 导航栏

2018-03-04 16:55 更新

Bootstrap使创建导航栏非常容易。

它有各种选项来构建所有类型的可响应的导航栏，当屏幕尺寸变小时自动折叠。

navbar-brand将用于网站品牌的目的，例如显示网站名称或其logo。

我们还将在navbar-header元素中放置一个隐藏按钮，只有在导航栏折叠的较小屏幕中才可见。

此隐藏按钮稍后将用于在较小屏幕中展开折叠菜单：

在代码中，我们放置了一个带有navbar-toggle类的按钮，Bootstrap使用它来激活导航栏的切换行为。

它应该有两个自定义 data-*类型属性： data-toggle和 data-target。

data-toggle告诉脚本当按钮被点击时该做什么，而data-target则告诉脚本点击时切换哪个部分。

data-target属性保存一个部分的id。

单击该按钮时，该部分将被切换。按钮内的span元素用于显示图标。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script
  src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script
  src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
  <body style="margin:30px">
    <div class="navbar navbar-default">
        <div class="container-fluid">
            <div class="navbar-header">
                <button type="button" 
                        class="navbar-toggle"
                        data-toggle="collapse" 
                        data-target="#mynavbar-content">
                    <span  class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span  class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span  class="icon-bar"></span>
                </button>
                <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">SitePoint</a>
            </div>
            <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="mynavbar-content">
                <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                    <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
                    <li><a  href="#">About</a></li>
                    <li><a  href="#">Pricing</a></li>
                    <li><a  href="#">Contact</a></li>
                    <li><a  href="#">Feedback</a></li>
                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>


  </body>
</html>

例子

以下将创建带有下拉菜单的导航栏。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script
  src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script
  src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
  <body style="margin:30px">
    <div class="navbar navbar-default">
        <div class="container-fluid">
            <div class="navbar-header">
                <button type="button" 
                        class="navbar-toggle"
                        data-toggle="collapse" 
                        data-target="#mynavbar-content">
                    <span  class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span  class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span  class="icon-bar"></span>
                </button>
                <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">SitePoint</a>
            </div>
            <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="mynavbar-content">
                <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                    <li class="dropdown">
                    <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">About<b class="caret"></b></a>
                    <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                    <li><a  href="#">Board of Members</a></li>
                    <li><a  href="#">Developers Team</a></li>
                    <li><a  href="#">Designing Team</a></li>
                    <li class="divider"></li>
                    <li><a  href="#">Investors</a></li>
                    <li><a  href="#">Share holders</a></li>
                    </ul>
                    </li>
                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

导航栏中的搜索框

我们还可以在导航栏中包含下拉菜单和搜索表单。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
    .bs-example{
      margin: 20px;
    }
</style>
</head> 
<body>
<div class="bs-example">
    <nav role="navigation" class="navbar navbar-default">
        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
        <div class="navbar-header">
            <button type="button" data-target="#navbarCollapse" data-toggle="collapse" class="navbar-toggle">
                <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            </button>
            <a href="#" class="navbar-brand">Brand</a>
        </div>
        <!-- Collection of nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
        <div id="navbarCollapse" class="collapse navbar-collapse">
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
                <li class="dropdown">
                    <a data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle" href="#">Messages <b class="caret"></b></a>
                    <ul role="menu" class="dropdown-menu">
                        <li><a href="#">Inbox</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Drafts</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Sent Items</a></li>
                        <li class="divider"></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Trash</a></li>
                    </ul>
                </li>
            </ul>
            <form role="search" class="navbar-form navbar-left">
                <div class="form-group">
                    <input type="text" placeholder="Search" class="form-control">
                </div>
            </form>
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                <li><a href="#">Login</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
    </nav>
</div>
</body>
</html>

固定导航栏

要创建不固定在顶部的导航栏，需将它放置在.container内的任意位置，以设置网站和内容的宽度。

要创建固定在视口顶部或底部的导航栏，除了.navbar和.navbar-default类之外，还要添加一个额外的类 .navbar-fixed-top。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head> 
<body>
<nav role="navigation" class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top">
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
        <div class="navbar-header">
            <button type="button" data-target="#navbarCollapse" 
            data-toggle="collapse" class="navbar-toggle">
                <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            </button>
            <a href="#" class="navbar-brand">Brand</a>
        </div>
        <!-- Collection of nav links and other content for toggling -->
        <div id="navbarCollapse" class="collapse navbar-collapse">
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Messages</a></li>
            </ul>
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                <li><a href="#">Login</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>
</nav>
</body>
</html>

要创建固定在底部的导航栏，请添加类.navbar-fixed-bottom。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head> 
<body>
<nav role="navigation" class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-bottom">
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
        <div class="navbar-header">
            <button type="button" data-target="#navbarCollapse" 
            data-toggle="collapse" class="navbar-toggle">
                <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            </button>
            <a href="#" class="navbar-brand">Brand</a>
        </div>
        <!-- Collection of nav links and other content for toggling -->
        <div id="navbarCollapse" class="collapse navbar-collapse">
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Messages</a></li>
            </ul>
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                <li><a href="#">Login</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>
</nav>
</body>
</html>

静态顶部导航栏

要创建显示在顶部但随着页面滚动离开的全宽导航栏，需添加类.navbar-static-top。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head> 
<body>
<nav role="navigation" class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top">
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
        <div class="navbar-header">
            <button type="button" data-target="#navbarCollapse" 
            data-toggle="collapse" class="navbar-toggle">
                <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            </button>
            <a href="#" class="navbar-brand">Brand</a>
        </div>
        <!-- Collection of nav links and other content for toggling -->
        <div id="navbarCollapse" class="collapse navbar-collapse">
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Messages</a></li>
            </ul>
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                <li><a href="#">Login</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>
</nav>
</body>
</html>

搜索表单可以使用<form>元素上的类 .navbar-form类放置在navbar内部。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
    .bs-example{
      margin: 20px;
    }
</style>
</head> 
<body>
<div class="bs-example">
    <nav role="navigation" class="navbar navbar-default">
        <div class="navbar-header">
            <button type="button" data-target="#navbarCollapse" data-toggle="collapse" class="navbar-toggle">
                <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            </button>
            <a href="#" class="navbar-brand">Brand</a>
        </div>
        <div id="navbarCollapse" class="collapse navbar-collapse">
            <form role="search" class="navbar-form navbar-left">
                <div class="form-group">
                    <input type="text" placeholder="Search" class="form-control">
                </div>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
            </form>
        </div>
    </nav>
</div>
</body>
</html>

倒置的导航栏

要创建倒置的导航栏，请添加一个额外的类.navbar-inverse到.navbar基类。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
  .navbar{
    margin-top: 20px;
  }
</style>
</head> 
<body>
<div class="container">
    <nav role="navigation" class="navbar navbar-inverse">
        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
        <div class="navbar-header">
            <button type="button" data-target="#navbarCollapse" data-toggle="collapse" class="navbar-toggle">
                <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            </button>
            <a href="#" class="navbar-brand">Brand</a>
        </div>
        <!-- Collection of nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
        <div id="navbarCollapse" class="collapse navbar-collapse">
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
                <li class="dropdown">
                    <a data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle" 
                    href="#">Messages <b class="caret"></b></a>
                    <ul role="menu" class="dropdown-menu">
                        <li><a href="#">Inbox</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Drafts</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Sent Items</a></li>
                        <li class="divider"></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Trash</a></li>
                    </ul>
                </li>
            </ul>
            <form role="search" class="navbar-form navbar-left">
                <div class="form-group">
                    <input type="text" placeholder="Search" class="form-control">
                </div>
            </form>
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                <li><a href="#">Login</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
    </nav>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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