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Bootstrap 教程
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Bootstrap 下拉菜单

2018-03-03 11:50 更新

创建下拉菜单的标记如下：

每个下拉菜单应该有两个重要的元素： a 元素和 ul 元素。

ul 元素默认是隐藏的，而a 元素用于切换下拉菜单。

a 元素有两个必要的 data-*属性： data-toggle和 data-target。

data-toggle属性告诉Bootstrap在每次点击时激活链接元素上的下拉效果。

data-target属性用于在单击链接时阻止页面重定向。

在这里不必提供href属性，因为它将被忽略。这个链接元素应该包含一些锚文本（例如“Dropdown”）和向下箭头图标（使用插入符类生成）。

一旦链接和图标正确放置，你可以创建一个ul列表，用于表示下拉菜单中的链接列表。

这个 ul 元素应该有类dropdown-menu

例子

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script
  src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script
  src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
  <body style="margin:30px">
    <div class="dropdown">
        <a data-toggle="dropdown" 
           data-target="#" href="http://www.w3cschool.cn">Dropdown <span  class="caret"></span>
        </a>
        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
            <li><a  href="#">Link 1</a></li>
            <li><a  href="#">Link 2</a></li>
            <li><a  href="#">Link 3</a></li>
            <li><a  href="#">Link 4</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

有两种不同的方式使用Bootstrap的JavaScript插件。

第一种方法根本不需要JavaScript。你只需要依据一些推荐的HTML标记来使用它们。

另一个方法需要一些JavaScript知识来初始化和自定义插件。

Bootstrap中的下拉插件也可以使用JavaScript。

要通过jQuery触发下拉插件，你需要使用dropdown()方法：

$().dropdown('toggle');
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script type="text/javascript"
  src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.1.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script
  src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script
  src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
    $(".myDropdownHandle").dropdown("toggle");
});
</script>  
</head>
  <body style="margin:30px">
    <div class="dropdown" id="myDropdown">
        <a class="myDropdownHandle" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#" href="#">
            Dropdown <span  class="caret"></span>
        </a>
        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
            <li><a  href="#">Link 1</a></li>
            <li><a  href="#">Link 2</a></li>
            <li><a  href="#">Link 3</a></li>
            <li><a  href="#">Link 4</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

以下示例显示如何给navbar添加下拉菜单。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<style type="text/css">
  .bs-example{
      margin: 20px;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="bs-example">
    <nav id="myNavbar" class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">
        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
        <div class="container">
            <div class="navbar-header">
                <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
                    <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                </button>
                <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a>
            </div>
            <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
            <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
                <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                    <li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
                    <li><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
                    <li class="dropdown">
                        <a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle">Messages <b class="caret"></b></a>
                        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                            <li><a href="#">Inbox</a></li>
                            <li><a href="#">Drafts</a></li>
                            <li><a href="#">Sent Items</a></li>
                            <li class="divider"></li>
                            <li><a href="#">Trash</a></li>
                        </ul>
                    </li>
                </ul>
                <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                    <li class="dropdown">
                        <a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle">Admin <b class="caret"></b></a>
                        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                            <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
                            <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
                            <li class="divider"></li>
                            <li><a href="#">Settings</a></li>
                        </ul>
                    </li>
                </ul>
            </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
        </div>
    </nav>
</div>
</body>
</html>

以下示例显示如何向胶囊式标签导航添加下拉菜单。

我们可以将代码转换为标签下拉菜单，将.nav-pills类替换为.nav-tabs。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
  .bs-example{
      margin: 20px;
    }
    hr{
        margin: 60px 0;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="bs-example">
    <ul class="nav nav-pills">
        <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
        <li><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
        <li class="dropdown">
            <a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle">Messages <b class="caret"></b></a>
            <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                <li><a href="#">Inbox</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Drafts</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Sent Items</a></li>
                <li class="divider"></li>
                <li><a href="#">Trash</a></li>
            </ul>
        </li>
        <li class="dropdown pull-right">
            <a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle">Admin <b class="caret"></b></a>
            <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
                <li class="divider"></li>
                <li><a href="#">Settings</a></li>
            </ul>
        </li>
    </ul>
    <hr>
    <ul class="nav nav-tabs">
        <li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
        <li><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
        <li class="dropdown">
            <a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle">Messages <b class="caret"></b></a>
            <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                <li><a href="#">Inbox</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Drafts</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Sent Items</a></li>
                <li class="divider"></li>
                <li><a href="#">Trash</a></li>
            </ul>
        </li>
        <li class="dropdown pull-right">
            <a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle">Admin <b class="caret"></b></a>
            <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
                <li class="divider"></li>
                <li><a href="#">Settings</a></li>
            </ul>
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>

以下示例显示如何向按钮添加下拉菜单。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
  .bs-example{
      margin: 20px;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="bs-example">
    <form>
        <!--Default buttons with dropdown menu-->
        <div class="btn-group">
            <button type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle">Action <span class="caret"></span></button>
            <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
                <li class="divider"></li>
                <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
        <!--Primary buttons with dropdown menu-->
        <div class="btn-group">
            <button type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" class="btn btn-primary dropdown-toggle">Action <span class="caret"></span></button>
            <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
                <li class="divider"></li>
                <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
        <!--Info buttons with dropdown menu-->
        <div class="btn-group">
            <button type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" class="btn btn-info dropdown-toggle">Action <span class="caret"></span></button>
            <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
                <li class="divider"></li>
                <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
        <!--Success buttons with dropdown menu-->
        <div class="btn-group">
            <button type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" class="btn btn-success dropdown-toggle">Action <span class="caret"></span></button>
            <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
                <li class="divider"></li>
                <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
        <!--Warning buttons with dropdown menu-->
        <div class="btn-group">
            <button type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" class="btn btn-warning dropdown-toggle">Action <span class="caret"></span></button>
            <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
                <li class="divider"></li>
                <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
        <!--Danger buttons with dropdown menu-->
        <div class="btn-group">
            <button type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" class="btn btn-danger dropdown-toggle">Action <span class="caret"></span></button>
            <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
                <li class="divider"></li>
                <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
    </form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

分割按钮的下拉列表

以下示例显示如何向分割按钮添加下拉列表。

我们可以使用Bootstrap的按钮尺寸相关的类，如.btn-lg，.btn-sm和.btn-xs，来进一步调整按钮的下拉菜单。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
    .btn-toolbar{
      margin: 20px;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="btn-toolbar">
    <!--Default buttons with dropdown menu-->
    <div class="btn-group">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">Action</button>
        <button type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle"><span class="caret"></span></button>
        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
            <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
            <li class="divider"></li>
            <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <!--Primary buttons with dropdown menu-->
    <div class="btn-group">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Action</button>
        <button type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" class="btn btn-primary dropdown-toggle"><span class="caret"></span></button>
        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
            <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
            <li class="divider"></li>
            <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <!--Info buttons with dropdown menu-->
    <div class="btn-group">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-info">Info</button>
        <button type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" class="btn btn-info dropdown-toggle"><span class="caret"></span></button>
        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
            <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
            <li class="divider"></li>
            <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <!--Success buttons with dropdown menu-->
    <div class="btn-group">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">Success</button>
        <button type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" class="btn btn-success dropdown-toggle"><span class="caret"></span></button>
        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
            <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
            <li class="divider"></li>
            <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <!--Warning buttons with dropdown menu-->
    <div class="btn-group">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">Warning</button>
        <button type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" class="btn btn-warning dropdown-toggle"><span class="caret"></span></button>
        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
            <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
            <li class="divider"></li>
            <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <!--Danger buttons with dropdown menu-->
    <div class="btn-group">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">Danger</button>
        <button type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" class="btn btn-danger dropdown-toggle"><span class="caret"></span></button>
        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
            <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
            <li class="divider"></li>
            <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

要在按钮组内创建下拉菜单，请将.btn-group与下拉菜单标记一起放在另一个.btn-group中。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
  .bs-example{
      margin: 20px;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="bs-example">
    <div class="btn-group">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Button</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Another Button</button>
        <div class="btn-group">
            <button type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" class="btn btn-primary dropdown-toggle">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></button>
            <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
                <li class="divider"></li>
                <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

在垂直堆叠的按钮组内添加下拉菜单。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
    .bs-example{
      margin: 20px;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="bs-example">
    <div class="btn-group-vertical">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Button</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Another Button</button>
        <div class="btn-group">
            <button type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" class="btn btn-primary dropdown-toggle">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></button>
            <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
                <li class="divider"></li>
                <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

创建Dropup菜单

我们可以通过向父级添加额外的类.dropup来触发元素上方的下拉菜单。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
  .bs-example{
      margin: 150px 50px;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="bs-example">
    <div class="btn-group dropup">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Button</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Another Button</button>
        <div class="btn-group">
            <button type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" class="btn btn-primary dropdown-toggle">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></button>
            <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
                <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
                <li class="divider"></li>
                <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

通过data属性添加下拉菜单

将data-toggle=“dropdown”添加到链接或按钮可切换下拉菜单。

以下示例显示了通过data属性将下拉菜单添加到链接或按钮所需的基本标记。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
  .bs-example{
      margin: 20px;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="bs-example">
   <div class="dropdown">
        <a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle">Dropdown <b class="caret"></b></a>
        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
            <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
            <li class="divider"></li>
            <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

通过JavaScript添加下拉菜单

我们可以使用JavaScript手动添加下拉菜单，如下所示。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
  $(".dropdown-toggle").dropdown();
});  
</script>
<style type="text/css">
  .bs-example{
      margin: 20px;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="bs-example">
   <div class="dropdown">
        <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Dropdown <b class="caret"></b></a>
        <ul class="dropdown-menu">
            <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
            <li class="divider"></li>
            <li><a href="#">Third Link</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
以上内容是否对您有帮助：
← Bootstrap 下拉菜单事件
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