Svelte 使用指令

Actions 本质上是元素级生命周期函数。它们在以下方面很有用：

• 与第三方库接口

• 延迟加载图像

• 工具提示

• 添加自定义事件处理程序

在此应用程序中，我们希望将橙色框设置为“pannable”。它具有用于 ​panstart​、​panmove​ 和 ​panend​ 事件的事件处理程序，但这些不是本机 DOM 事件。我们必须自己调度他们。首先，导入 ​pannable​ 函数...

import { pannable } from './pannable.js';

...然后将它与元素一起使用：

<div class="box"
	use:pannable
	on:panstart={handlePanStart}
	on:panmove={handlePanMove}
	on:panend={handlePanEnd}
	style="transform:
		translate({$coords.x}px,{$coords.y}px)
		rotate({$coords.x * 0.2}deg)"
></div>

打开 ​pannable.js​ 文件。与 transition 函数一样，action 函数接收一个 ​node​和一些可选参数，并返回一个动作对象。该对象可以有一个 ​destroy​ 函数，该函数在元素被卸载时调用。

我们希望在用户将鼠标放在元素上时触发 ​panstart​ 事件，在拖动元素时触发 ​panmove​ 事件（使用 ​dx​ 和 ​dy​ 属性显示鼠标移动的距离），并在鼠标松开时触发 ​panend​ 事件。一种可能的实现如下所示：

export function pannable(node) {
	let x;
	let y;

	function handleMousedown(event) {
		x = event.clientX;
		y = event.clientY;

		node.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('panstart', {
			detail: { x, y }
		}));

		window.addEventListener('mousemove', handleMousemove);
		window.addEventListener('mouseup', handleMouseup);
	}

	function handleMousemove(event) {
		const dx = event.clientX - x;
		const dy = event.clientY - y;
		x = event.clientX;
		y = event.clientY;

		node.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('panmove', {
			detail: { x, y, dx, dy }
		}));
	}

	function handleMouseup(event) {
		x = event.clientX;
		y = event.clientY;

		node.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('panend', {
			detail: { x, y }
		}));

		window.removeEventListener('mousemove', handleMousemove);
		window.removeEventListener('mouseup', handleMouseup);
	}

	node.addEventListener('mousedown', handleMousedown);

	return {
		destroy() {
			node.removeEventListener('mousedown', handleMousedown);
		}
	};
}

更新 ​pannable​ 函数并尝试移动盒子。

此实现仅用于演示目的——更完整的实现也会考虑触摸事件。

示例代码

• App.svelte

<script>
	import { spring } from 'svelte/motion';
	import { pannable } from './pannable.js';

	const coords = spring({ x: 0, y: 0 }, {
		stiffness: 0.2,
		damping: 0.4
	});

	function handlePanStart() {
		coords.stiffness = coords.damping = 1;
	}

	function handlePanMove(event) {
		coords.update($coords => ({
			x: $coords.x + event.detail.dx,
			y: $coords.y + event.detail.dy
		}));
	}

	function handlePanEnd(event) {
		coords.stiffness = 0.2;
		coords.damping = 0.4;
		coords.set({ x: 0, y: 0 });
	}
</script>

<style>
	.box {
		--width: 100px;
		--height: 100px;
		position: absolute;
		width: var(--width);
		height: var(--height);
		left: calc(50% - var(--width) / 2);
		top: calc(50% - var(--height) / 2);
		border-radius: 4px;
		background-color: #ff3e00;
		cursor: move;
	}
</style>

<div class="box"
	use:pannable
	on:panstart={handlePanStart}
	on:panmove={handlePanMove}
	on:panend={handlePanEnd}
	style="transform:
		translate({$coords.x}px,{$coords.y}px)
		rotate({$coords.x * 0.2}deg)"
></div>

• pannable.js

export function pannable(node) {
	let x;
	let y;

	function handleMousedown(event) {
		x = event.clientX;
		y = event.clientY;

		node.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('panstart', {
			detail: { x, y }
		}));

		window.addEventListener('mousemove', handleMousemove);
		window.addEventListener('mouseup', handleMouseup);
	}

	function handleMousemove(event) {
		const dx = event.clientX - x;
		const dy = event.clientY - y;
		x = event.clientX;
		y = event.clientY;

		node.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('panmove', {
			detail: { x, y, dx, dy }
		}));
	}

	function handleMouseup(event) {
		x = event.clientX;
		y = event.clientY;

		node.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('panend', {
			detail: { x, y }
		}));

		window.removeEventListener('mousemove', handleMousemove);
		window.removeEventListener('mouseup', handleMouseup);
	}

	node.addEventListener('mousedown', handleMousedown);

	return {
		destroy() {
			node.removeEventListener('mousedown', handleMousedown);
		}
	};
}