9.1 CAMediaTiming协议

CAMediaTiming`协议

CAMediaTiming协议定义了在一段动画内用来控制逝去时间的属性的集合，CALayer和CAAnimation都实现了这个协议，所以时间可以被任意基于一个图层或者一段动画的类控制。

持续和重复

我们在第八章“显式动画”中简单提到过duration（CAMediaTiming的属性之一），duration是一个CFTimeInterval的类型（类似于NSTimeInterval的一种双精度浮点类型），对将要进行的动画的一次迭代指定了时间。

这里的一次迭代是什么意思呢？CAMediaTiming另外还有一个属性叫做repeatCount，代表动画重复的迭代次数。如果duration是2，repeatCount设为3.5（三个半迭代），那么完整的动画时长将是7秒。

duration和repeatCount默认都是0。但这不意味着动画时长为0秒，或者0次，这里的0仅仅代表了“默认”，也就是0.25秒和1次，你可以用一个简单的测试来尝试为这两个属性赋多个值，如清单9.1，图9.1展示了程序的结果。

清单9.1 测试duration和repeatCount

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UIView *containerView;
@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UITextField *durationField;
@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UITextField *repeatField;
@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UIButton *startButton;
@property (nonatomic, strong) CALayer *shipLayer;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //add the ship
    self.shipLayer = [CALayer layer];
    self.shipLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 128, 128);
    self.shipLayer.position = CGPointMake(150, 150);
    self.shipLayer.contents = (__bridge id)[UIImage imageNamed: @"Ship.png"].CGImage;
    [self.containerView.layer addSublayer:self.shipLayer];
}

- (void)setControlsEnabled:(BOOL)enabled
{
    for (UIControl *control in @[self.durationField, self.repeatField, self.startButton]) {
        control.enabled = enabled;
        control.alpha = enabled? 1.0f: 0.25f;
    }
}

- (IBAction)hideKeyboard
{
    [self.durationField resignFirstResponder];
    [self.repeatField resignFirstResponder];
}

- (IBAction)start
{
    CFTimeInterval duration = [self.durationField.text doubleValue];
    float repeatCount = [self.repeatField.text floatValue];
    //animate the ship rotation
    CABasicAnimation *animation = [CABasicAnimation animation];
    animation.keyPath = @"transform.rotation";
    animation.duration = duration;
    animation.repeatCount = repeatCount;
    animation.byValue = @(M_PI * 2);
    animation.delegate = self;
    [self.shipLayer addAnimation:animation forKey:@"rotateAnimation"];
    //disable controls
    [self setControlsEnabled:NO];
}

- (void)animationDidStop:(CAAnimation *)anim finished:(BOOL)flag
{
    //reenable controls
    [self setControlsEnabled:YES];
}

@end

图9.2 摆动门的动画

对门进行摆动的代码见清单9.2。我们用了autoreverses来使门在打开后自动关闭，在这里我们把repeatDuration设置为INFINITY，于是动画无限循环播放，设置repeatCount为INFINITY也有同样的效果。注意repeatCount和repeatDuration可能会相互冲突，所以你只要对其中一个指定非零值。对两个属性都设置非0值的行为没有被定义。

清单9.2 使用autoreverses属性实现门的摇摆

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, weak) UIView *containerView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //add the door
    CALayer *doorLayer = [CALayer layer];
    doorLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 128, 256);
    doorLayer.position = CGPointMake(150 - 64, 150);
    doorLayer.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0, 0.5);
    doorLayer.contents = (__bridge id)[UIImage imageNamed: @"Door.png"].CGImage;
    [self.containerView.layer addSublayer:doorLayer];
    //apply perspective transform
    CATransform3D perspective = CATransform3DIdentity;
    perspective.m34 = -1.0 / 500.0;
    self.containerView.layer.sublayerTransform = perspective;
    //apply swinging animation
    CABasicAnimation *animation = [CABasicAnimation animation];
    animation.keyPath = @"transform.rotation.y";
    animation.toValue = @(-M_PI_2);
    animation.duration = 2.0;
    animation.repeatDuration = INFINITY;
    animation.autoreverses = YES;
    [doorLayer addAnimation:animation forKey:nil];
}

@end

相对时间

每次讨论到Core Animation，时间都是相对的，每个动画都有它自己描述的时间，可以独立地加速，延时或者偏移。

beginTime指定了动画开始之前的的延迟时间。这里的延迟从动画添加到可见图层的那一刻开始测量，默认是0（就是说动画会立刻执行）。

speed是一个时间的倍数，默认1.0，减少它会减慢图层/动画的时间，增加它会加快速度。如果2.0的速度，那么对于一个duration为1的动画，实际上在0.5秒的时候就已经完成了。

timeOffset和beginTime类似，但是和增加beginTime导致的延迟动画不同，增加timeOffset只是让动画快进到某一点，例如，对于一个持续1秒的动画来说，设置timeOffset为0.5意味着动画将从一半的地方开始。

和beginTime不同的是，timeOffset并不受speed的影响。所以如果你把speed设为2.0，把timeOffset设置为0.5，那么你的动画将从动画最后结束的地方开始，因为1秒的动画实际上被缩短到了0.5秒。然而即使使用了timeOffset让动画从结束的地方开始，它仍然播放了一个完整的时长，这个动画仅仅是循环了一圈，然后从头开始播放。

可以用清单9.3的测试程序验证一下，设置speed和timeOffset滑块到随意的值，然后点击播放来观察效果（见图9.3）

清单9.3 测试timeOffset和speed属性

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UIView *containerView;
@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UILabel *speedLabel;
@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UILabel *timeOffsetLabel;
@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UISlider *speedSlider;
@property (nonatomic, weak) IBOutlet UISlider *timeOffsetSlider;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIBezierPath *bezierPath;
@property (nonatomic, strong) CALayer *shipLayer;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //create a path
    self.bezierPath = [[UIBezierPath alloc] init];
    [self.bezierPath moveToPoint:CGPointMake(0, 150)];
    [self.bezierPath addCurveToPoint:CGPointMake(300, 150) controlPoint1:CGPointMake(75, 0) controlPoint2:CGPointMake(225, 300)];
    //draw the path using a CAShapeLayer
    CAShapeLayer *pathLayer = [CAShapeLayer layer];
    pathLayer.path = self.bezierPath.CGPath;
    pathLayer.fillColor = [UIColor clearColor].CGColor;
    pathLayer.strokeColor = [UIColor redColor].CGColor;
    pathLayer.lineWidth = 3.0f;
    [self.containerView.layer addSublayer:pathLayer];
    //add the ship
    self.shipLayer = [CALayer layer];
    self.shipLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 64, 64);
    self.shipLayer.position = CGPointMake(0, 150);
    self.shipLayer.contents = (__bridge id)[UIImage imageNamed: @"Ship.png"].CGImage;
    [self.containerView.layer addSublayer:self.shipLayer];
    //set initial values
    [self updateSliders];
}

- (IBAction)updateSliders
{
    CFTimeInterval timeOffset = self.timeOffsetSlider.value;
    self.timeOffsetLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%0.2f", timeOffset];
    float speed = self.speedSlider.value;
    self.speedLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%0.2f", speed];
}

- (IBAction)play
{
    //create the keyframe animation
    CAKeyframeAnimation *animation = [CAKeyframeAnimation animation];
    animation.keyPath = @"position";
    animation.timeOffset = self.timeOffsetSlider.value;
    animation.speed = self.speedSlider.value;
    animation.duration = 1.0;
    animation.path = self.bezierPath.CGPath;
    animation.rotationMode = kCAAnimationRotateAuto;
    animation.removedOnCompletion = NO;
    [self.shipLayer addAnimation:animation forKey:@"slide"];
}

@end