普通实现的服务器都无法关闭自身,只有依靠操作系统来强行终止服务程序。这种强行终止服务程序的方式尽管简单方便,但会导致服务器中正在执行的任务突然中断。如果服务器处理的任务非常重要,不允许被突然中断,应该由服务器自身在恰当的时刻关闭自己
代码如下:
- EchoServer类
- package ShutdownServer;
- import java.io.*;
- import java.net.ServerSocket;
- import java.net.Socket;
- import java.net.SocketException;
- import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- public class EchoServer {
- private int port=8000;
- private ServerSocket serverSocket;
- private ExecutorService executorService; //线程池
- private final int POOL_SIZE=4; //单个CPU时线程池中工作线程的数目
- private int portForShutdown=8001; //用于监听关闭服务器命令的端口
- private ServerSocket serverSocketShutdown;
- private boolean isShutdown=false; //服务器是否已经关闭
- private Thread shutdownThread=new Thread(){
- //负责关闭服务器的线程
- public void run(){
- while(!isShutdown){
- Socket socketForShutdown=null;
- try{
- socketForShutdown=serverSocketShutdown.accept();
- BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(
- new InputStreamReader(socketForShutdown.getInputStream())
- );
- String command=br.readLine();
- if (command.equals("shutdown")){
- long beginTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
- socketForShutdown.getOutputStream().write("服务器正在关闭\r\n".getBytes());
- isShutdown=true;
- //请求关闭线程池
- //线程池不再接收新的任务,但会继续执行完工作队列中现有的任务
- executorService.shutdown();
- //等待关闭线程池,每次等待的超时时间为30s
- //当使用awaitTermination时,主线程会处于一种等待的状态,等待线程池中所有的线程都运行完毕后才继续运行。
- //如果等待的时间超过指定的时间,但是线程池中的线程运行完毕,那么awaitTermination()返回true。执行分线程已结束
- //如果等待的时间超过指定的时间,但是线程池中的线程未运行完毕,那么awaitTermination()返回false。不执行分线程已结束
- //如果等待时间没有超过指定时间,等待!
- //可以用awaitTermination()方法来判断线程池中是否有继续运行的线程。
- while(!executorService.isTerminated())
- executorService.awaitTermination(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- //关闭与EchoClient客户通信的ServerSocket
- serverSocket.close();
- long endTime=System.currentTimeMillis();
- socketForShutdown.getOutputStream().write(("服务器关闭,"+"关闭服务器用了"+(endTime-beginTime)+"ms\r\n").getBytes());
- socketForShutdown.close();
- serverSocketShutdown.close();
- System.out.println("服务器关闭");
- }
- else {
- socketForShutdown.getOutputStream().write("错误的命令\r\n".getBytes());
- socketForShutdown.close();
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- };
- public EchoServer() throws IOException {
- serverSocket=new ServerSocket(port);
- //设定等待客户连接的超时时间为60s
- serverSocket.setSoTimeout(60000);
- serverSocketShutdown=new ServerSocket(portForShutdown);
- //创建线程池
- executorService= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() * POOL_SIZE);
- shutdownThread.start();
- System.out.println("服务器启动");
- }
- public void service(){
- while(!isShutdown){
- Socket socket=null;
- try {
- //可能会抛出SocketTimeoutException和SocketException
- socket=serverSocket.accept();
- //把等待客户发送数据的超时时间设为60s
- socket.setSoTimeout(60000);
- //可能会抛出RejectedExecutionException
- executorService.execute(new Handler(socket));
- }catch (SocketTimeoutException e){
- //不必处理等待客户连接时出现的异常
- }catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
- try {
- if (socket != null)
- socket.close();
- } catch (IOException ex) {
- return;
- }
- }catch (SocketException e){
- if (e.getMessage().indexOf("socket closed")!=-1)
- return;
- }catch (IOException e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { //main方法抛出异常,异常直接交给虚拟机,虚拟机直接结束异常
- new EchoServer().service();
- }
- }
-
- //负责与单个客户通信的任务
- class Handler implements Runnable{
- private Socket socket;
- public Handler(Socket socket){
- this.socket=socket;
- }
- private PrintWriter getWriter(Socket socket) throws IOException{
- OutputStream socketOut=socket.getOutputStream();
- return new PrintWriter(socketOut,true);
- }
- private BufferedReader getReader(Socket socket) throws IOException{
- InputStream socketIn=socket.getInputStream();
- return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socketIn));
- }
- public String echo(String msg){
- return "echo: "+msg;
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- try{
- System.out.println("New connection accepted "+socket.getInetAddress()+":"+socket.getPort());
- BufferedReader br=getReader(socket);
- PrintWriter pw=getWriter(socket);
- String msg=null;
- //接收和发送数据,直到通信结束
- while((msg=br.readLine())!=null){
- System.out.println("from "+socket.getInetAddress()+":"+socket.getPort()+">"+msg);
- pw.println(echo(msg));
- if (msg.equals("bye"))
- break;
- }
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }finally{
- try{
- if (socket!=null)
- socket.close();
- }catch (IOException e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- AdminClient类(负责向EchoServer发送“shutdown”命令,关闭服务器)
- package ShutdownServer;
- import java.io.BufferedReader;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import java.io.OutputStream;
- import java.net.Socket;
- public class AdminClient {
- public static void main(String[] args){
- Socket socket=null;
- try{
- socket=new Socket("localhost",8001);
- //发送关闭命令
- OutputStream socketOut=socket.getOutputStream();
- //Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
- //String order=scanner.next();
- socketOut.write("shutdown\r\n".getBytes());
- //接收服务器反馈
- BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
- String msg=null;
- while ((msg=br.readLine())!=null){
- System.out.println(msg);
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }finally {
- try{
- if (socket!=null)
- socket.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- Client类(客户,与服务器进行通讯)
- package ShutdownServer;
- import java.io.*;
- import java.net.Socket;
- public class Client {
- private String host="localhost";
- private int port=8000;
- private Socket socket;
- public Client() throws IOException {
- socket=new Socket(host,port);
- }
- private PrintWriter getWriter(Socket socket) throws IOException{
- OutputStream socketOut=socket.getOutputStream();
- return new PrintWriter(socketOut,true);
- }
- private BufferedReader getReader(Socket socket) throws IOException{
- InputStream socketIn=socket.getInputStream();
- return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socketIn));
- }
- public void talk() throws IOException{
- try{
- BufferedReader br=getReader(socket);
- PrintWriter pw=getWriter(socket);
- BufferedReader localReader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
- String msg=null;
- while((msg=localReader.readLine()) != null){
- pw.println(msg);
- System.out.println(br.readLine());
- if (msg.equals("bye")){
- break;
- }
- }
- }catch (IOException e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- finally {
- try{
- socket.close();
- }catch (IOException e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
- new Client().talk();
- }
- }
shutdownThread线程负责关闭服务器,它一直监听8001端口,如果接收到了AdminClient发送的“shutdown”命令,就把isShutdown设置为true。
在关闭服务器时,我们使用了最常用的方法,先调用线程池的shutdown()方法,接着调用线程池的awaitTermination()方法。
- executorService.shutdown();
- //等待关闭线程池,每次等待的超时时间为30s
- //当使用awaitTermination时,主线程会处于一种等待的状态,等待线程池中所有的线程都运行完毕后才继续运行。
- //如果等待的时间超过指定的时间,但是线程池中的线程运行完毕,那么awaitTermination()返回true。执行分线程已结束
- //如果等待的时间超过指定的时间,但是线程池中的线程未运行完毕,那么awaitTermination()返回false。不执行分线程已结束
- //如果等待时间没有超过指定时间,等待!
- //可以用awaitTermination()方法来判断线程池中是否有继续运行的线程。
- while(!executorService.isTerminated())
- executorService.awaitTermination(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
在线程池执行了shutdown()方法后,线程池不会在接收新的任务,同时该线程因为调用awaitTermination()方法而发生阻塞,直到线程池中所有线程的任务执行完毕,该线程才会继续向下
运行结果
先运行EchoServer,Client,AdminClient后,再开启一客户程序Client1,显示Client1无法被加入线程池
- EchoServer(只显示连接了Client,未连接Client1)
- Client
- Client2(向服务器发送消息,收到null)
- AdminClient(在Client没有运行结束时,被阻塞)
当Client输入“bye”结束运行后,AdminClient关闭服务器
- Client类
- EchoServer类
- AdminClient类
参考Java网络编程核心技术详解
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